Caracterización clínica, epidemiológica y anatomopatológica de los tumores cerebrales supratentoriales y su morbilidad posanestésica / Clinical, Epidemiological and Anatomopathological Characterization of Supratentorial Brain Tumor and its Post-Anesthetic Morbidity

Introducción: Los tumores cerebrales no son frecuentes, pero tienen efectos devastadores. Objetivo: Caracterizar según criterios clínicos y anatomopatológicos a los pacientes con tumor cerebral supratentorial. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo de casos clínicos en el período de enero 2017 - enero 2019, en el Hospital Provincial Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba. El universo estuvo constituido por la totalidad de los 117 pacientes a los que se les realizó una tomografía computarizada de cráneo y con diagnóstico histológico postoperatorio de neoplasia primaria del sistema nervioso central (supratentorial) y metástasis cerebral, a los que se les realizó neurocirugía transcraneal. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino y las edades entre 40 a 59 años, clínicamente la mayoría de los casos presentó cefalea como signo de hipertensión endocraneana 76,1 por ciento. El 87,2 por ciento presentó la tumoración en los hemisferios cerebrales. El glioblastoma multiforme fue el tipo histológico prevaleciente con 45,3 por ciento. La hipopotasemia fue la complicación post anestésica más frecuente (21,4 por ciento). Conclusiones: Los tumores cerebrales supratentoriales en la edad adulta constituyen un problema de salud, principalmente en los hombres después de los 45 años de edad; la cefalea, las convulsiones y los vómitos son los síntomas cardinales. Durante la excéresis de los tumores supratentoriales los pacientes presentaron diversas complicaciones anestésicas(AU)

Introduction: Brain tumors are not frequent, but they have devastating effects. Objective: To characterize patients with supratentorial brain tumor, according to clinical and pathological criteria. Methods: An observational and descriptive study of clinical cases was carried out, in the period from January 2017 to January 2019, at Saturnino Lora Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba. The universe consisted of the 117 patients who underwent computed tomography of the skull and with a postoperative histological diagnosis of primary neoplasia of the central nervous system (supratentorial) and brain metastases, who underwent transcranial neurosurgery. Results: The male sex predominated, together with the ages 40-59 years old. Clinically, most of the cases (76.1 percent) presented headache as a sign of intracranial hypertension. 87.2 percent presented the tumor in the cerebral hemispheres. Glioblastoma multiforme was the prevalent histological type, accounting for 45.3 percent. Hypokalemia was the most frequent post-anesthetic complication, accounting for 21.4 percent. Conclusions: Supratentorial brain tumors in adulthood constitute a health concern, mainly in men after 45 years of age; headache, seizures and vomiting are the cardinal symptoms. During excision of supratentorial tumors, the patients presented various anesthetic complications(AU)

Meningiomas intracraneales. Experiencia de dos años en el servicio Neurocirugía de Matanzas / Intracranial meningiomas. Two-year experience in the service Neurosurgery of Matanzas

RESUMEN Introducción: los meningiomas constituyen la segunda causa de tumores cerebrales primarios, en el adulto. Representan hasta el 32 % del total de los mismos. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento del meningioma intracraneal en los pacientes investigados. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico, descriptivo, retrospectivo a los pacientes neurointervenidos con meningioma intracraneal, en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Docente Universitario "Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández", de la provincia Matanzas. En el período comprendido entre el 1ero de enero de 2017 al 1ero de enero del 2019. Los 15 pacientes intervenidos conformaron el universo de estudio. Resultados: la media poblacional fue de 55 años. Predominó el sexo femenino en un 73,3 %. La cefalea fue la manifestación clínica más frecuente, igualmente, que los meningiomas de la convexidad cerebral. En cuanto a la topografía, la media del tamaño de la lesión fue de 4,4 cm. La variedad meningotelial (40 %) fue la que predominó. El grado II de resección fue el que más se empleó. El edema cerebral postquirúrgico predominó en un 26,6 %. La puntuación de la escala de Karnofsky al egreso fue superior que al ingreso. Conclusiones: cuanto más precoz se realice el diagnóstico clínico y tratamiento quirúrgico en los pacientes portadores de meningioma, mejor será su calidad de vida al egreso (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: meningiomas are the second cause of primary brain tumors in adults, representing up to 32 % of the total. Objective: to describe the behavior of intracranial meningioma in the studied patients. Materials and methods: a retrospective, descriptive, analytical study was conducted on neurosurgery patients with intracranial meningioma in the Neurosurgery service of the University Teaching Hospital "Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández" of the province of Matanzas, in the period from January 1st 2017 to January 1st, 2019. The 15 patients undergoing neurosurgery were the study universe. Results: the population mean was 55 years; female sex prevailed (73.3 %). Headache was the most frequent clinical manifestation as well as meningiomas of cerebral convexity in terms of topography. The average lesion size was 4.4 cm; the meningothelial variety (40 %) was the most commonly found; grade II resection was the most used one. Post-surgical cerebral edema (26.6%) predominated. Karnofsky scale score at discharge was higher than at admission. Conclusions: the earlier the clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment are performed in patients with meningioma the better will be their quality of life at discharge (AU).

Epidemiological Profile of Malignant Brain Neoplasms in the Northern Region of Brazil: data from the Cancer Hospital Registry of the Instituto Nacional de Câncer

Objective Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are considered rare, with an incidence of 3.4 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. Although uncommon, CNS tumors have been gaining epidemiological importance due to their increased incidence and mortality. In Brazil, there is a lack of population research regarding CNS cancer, especially in the Northern region. Thus, the authors aim to trace an epidemiological profile of malignant brain neoplasms in the Northern region from 2001 to 2013. Methods Data were collected from the Cancer Hospital Registry of the Instituto Nacional de Câncer (RHC-INCA, in the Portuguese acronym) and stratified according to origin, gender, age, detailed primary location, and histological type. A total of 742 cases were analyzed. Most of the cases came from inland areas, with a male predominance. Results The most affected age groups were between 0 and 9 years old and between 30 and 49 years old, with an accentuated decrease in incidence starting at the age of 70 years old. The frontal lobe was themost affected area, followed by the temporal and parietal lobes. Astrocytic tumors accounted for 64.3% of cases, followed by embryonal tumors (18.2%), and ependymal tumors (7.4%). Among the astrocytic tumors, astrocytoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), and glioblastoma, NOS corresponded to 82.2% of the cases. Among embryonal tumors, medulloblastoma accounted for 71.9% of the cases. Conclusion More epidemiological studies in this area, especially in the Northern region, are required to identify risk factors and allow prevention and early diagnosis.

Comportamiento de las metástasis cerebrales en el cáncer de pulmón en Matanzas / Behavior of brain metastases in lung cancer in Matanzas

RESUMEN Introducción: en las últimas tres décadas, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y las neoplasias malignas han pasado a ser los principales problemas de salud en Cuba como consecuencia de la constante mejoría de los niveles de salud, la prevención de las enfermedades transmisibles, y el incremento de la esperanza de vida al nacer; entre ellas se destaca el cáncer de pulmón como el tumor primario que con mayor incidencia causa compromiso cerebral metastásico. Objetivo: analizar el comportamiento de las metástasis cerebrales en pacientes con cáncer de pulmón. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo en 96 pacientes con diagnóstico cito-histológico de cáncer de pulmón y metástasis cerebral, atendidos en la consulta externa del Centro Oncológico Provincial de Matanzas, entre enero del 2013 y diciembre del 2016. Se obtuvieron los datos clínicos-demográficos a partir de las historias clínicas individuales de los enfermos y el documento de Reporte de Cáncer. Resultados: la mayor incidencia de cáncer de pulmón corresponde a las personas entre 45 y 64 años de edad; comportándose de forma similar para el género masculino como para el femenino, aunque el primero con un mayor número de casos y el color de la piel predominante para ambos sexos fue la blanca. En tanto las metástasis cerebrales son más comunes de la quinta a la séptima década de la vida. Conclusiones: la metástasis cerebral aparece desde edades tempranas hasta la tercera edad y el mayor porcentaje fue diagnosticado a inicio de la enfermedad constituyendo esto un factor de riesgo importante.

ABSTRACT Introduction: in the last three decades, cardiovascular diseases and malignant neoplasms have become the main health problem in Cuba as a consequence of the steady improvement of the health levels, the prevention of the communicable diseases, and the increase of the life expectancy at birth; among them lung cancer stands out as the primary tumor that more frequently causes metastatic brain compromise. Objective: to analyze the behavior of brain metastases in patients with lung cancer. Materials and methods: a retrospective and descriptive study was carried out in 96 patients with cyto-histological diagnosis of lung cancer and brain metastases, who attended the external consultation of the Provincial Oncologic Center of Matanzas, from January 2013 to December 2016. Clinic-demographic data were obtained from the patients´ individual clinical reports and the Cancer Report document. Results: the highest incidence of lung cancer corresponds to people aged 45-64 years; it behaves very similar both in male and in female genders, thought the first one shows more quantity of cases; white color skin predominated in both sexes. As for the brain metastases, they are more common from the fifth to the seventh decade of life. Conclusions: brain metastasis appears from early ages and up to the elder age; the highest percent was diagnosed at the beginning of the disease, being this an important risk factor.

Neoplasias encefálicas em 40 cães: aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos e patológicos / Brain neoplasms in 40 dogs: clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de cães atendidos no Serviço de Neurologia (SN) do Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), de 2006 a 2015, com o objetivo de identificar cães com neoplasias encefálicas e obter informações a respeito da raça, do sexo, da idade, dos sinais neurológicos, da localização, da evolução clínica, do tipo e origem do tumor e dos achados de exames complementares e de necropsia. Dos 40 cães com neoplasias encefálicas incluídos neste estudo, 67,5% foram classificadas como de origem primária. Cães sem raça definida e Boxers foram os mais acometidos. Os principais sinais clínicos observados incluíram crise epiléptica, alteração de comportamento e andar em círculo. A região tálamo-cortical foi a mais afetada. Quanto ao tipo do tumor, o meningioma (32,5%) e o oligodendroglioma (12,5%) foram os mais encontrados. A evolução dos sinais clínicos variou entre quatro e 210 dias (média de 44 dias).(AU)

A retrospective study including dogs with brain neoplasms was conducted at the Service of Neurology (SN) of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, from 2006 to 2015, with the objective to identify and characterize breed, sex, age, neurological signs, the location, the clinical evolution, the type and origin of the tumor and the findings of complementary examinations and necropsy. Of the 40 dogs with brain tumors included in this study 67.5% were classified as primary origin. Mixed breed dogs and Boxers were the most affected. The main clinical signs observed included seizures, behavioral changes and walk in circle. The thalamus-cortex region was the most affected. Regarding the type of the tumor, the meningioma (32.5%) and oligodendroglioma (12.5%) were the most common. The evolution of the clinical signs varied from four to 210 days (mean 44 days).(AU)

Profile of Patients with Intracranial Tumors Undergoing Surgical Resection at a Neuro-oncology Referral Hospital

Objectives To analyze the epidemiological aspects of primary and metastatic tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) among patients operated on by a single surgeon dedicated to neuro-oncology at Hospital Regional do Oeste, in Chapecó (Santa Catarina, Brazil), between 2013 and 2016. Methods Cross-sectional, retrospective, and observational analysis of 347 patients undergoing surgery due to intracranial tumors. The patients' data were obtained from the hospital registry, medical records, and pathology reports. Results Primary CNS tumors comprised 72.1% of the sample. There was a predominance of females (52.7%), and the mean age was 49.3 years, with a peak of incidence between the ages of 25 and 64 years. Gliomas were the most common primary brain tumors (23.7%), followed by meningiomas (17.0%). Lung cancer (15.3%), breast cancer (4.9%), and melanoma (3.5%) were, in descending order, the most frequent primary sites of metastases, which were recorded in 97 cases (27.9%). Conclusion The lack of standardization in the process of notification of tumor diseases imposes challenges in the establishment of estimates close to the real ones, preventing improvement of public health care policies to protect patients with neuro-oncological conditions. Based on the current model, regionalization of the data seems to be the best option in the management of this subgroup of patients.

Objetivos Analisar aspectos epidemiológicos dos tumores cerebrais primários e metastáticos entre os pacientes operados por um único cirurgião dedicado à neurooncologia no Hospital Regional do Oeste, em Chapecó, SC, Brasil, durante os anos de 2013 a 2016. Métodos Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, do tipo observacional, com análise de 347 casos de neoplasias intracranianas de acordo com os dados obtidos no setor de registro hospitalar, nos prontuários da instituição e registros anatomopatológicos dos pacientes tratados cirurgicamente. Resultados Tumores cerebrais primários corresponderam a 72.1% da amostra. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino (52,7%) e a média de idade foi de 49,3 anos, com pico de incidência na faixa etária de 25 a 64 anos. Gliomas foram os tumores cerebrais primários mais encontrados (23.7%), seguidos por meningiomas (17,0%). Cânceres de pulmão (15,3%), mama (4,9%) e melanoma (3,5%) foram, em ordem decrescente, as localizações primárias mais frequentes das metástases registradas em 97 casos (27.9%). Conclusão A dificuldade em se estabelecer uma estimativa mais próxima da realidade devido à falta de padronização na notificação de agravos tumorais impede uma melhor condução de políticas públicas de amparo ao paciente neuro-oncológico. Assim, nos moldes atuais, a regionalização dos dados parece a melhor opção na administração desse subgrupo de pacientes.

Actualización del manejo de metástasis encefálicas / Metastasis management update encephalic

Brain metastases represent a critical stage of oncological disease and its frequency is increasing over the recent years. The treatment of brain metastases has moved from a conservative approach to an active management that should be individualized for each patient: in case of single brain metastasis, surgery or radiosurgery should be considered as first option of treatment; in case of multiple lesions, whole-brain radiotherapy is the standard of care. The aim of this review is to present general aspects including new approaches in management of patients with brain metastases.(AU)

Etiological prevalence of epilepsy and epileptic seizures in hospitalized elderly in a Brazilian tertiary center – Salvador - Brazil / Prevalência etiológica de epilepsia e crises epilépticas em idosos hospitalizados em centro terciário – Salvador – Brasil

Epilepsy in the elderly has high incidence and prevalence and is often underecognized. Objective To describe etiological prevalence of epilepsy and epileptic seizures in elderly inpatients. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on elderly patients who had epilepsy or epileptic seizures during hospitalization, from January 2009 to December 2010. One hundred and twenty patients were enrolled. They were divided into two age subgroups (median 75 years) with the purpose to compare etiologies. Results The most common etiology was ischemic stroke (36.7%), followed by neoplasias (13.3%), hemorrhagic stroke (11.7%), dementias (11.4%) and metabolic disturbances (5.5%). The analysis of etiological association showed that ischemic stroke was predominant in the younger subgroup (45% vs 30%), and dementias in the older one (18.9% vs 3.8%), but with no statistical significance (p = 0.23). Conclusion This study suggests that epilepsy and epileptic seizures in the elderly inpatients have etiological association with stroke, neoplasias and dementias. .

Epilepsia no idoso tem alta incidência e prevalência e é frequentemente sub diagnosticada. Objetivo Descrever a prevalência etiológica da epilepsia e crises epilépticas em idosos internados. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, envolvendo idosos hospitalizados, de 60 anos ou mais, que foram admitidos de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2010 por terem apresentado epilepsia e crises epilépticas durante a hospitalização. Cento e vinte pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois subgrupos de idade (mediana 75 anos), com o propósito de comparar etiologias. Resultados A etiologia mais comum foi o acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (36,7%), seguido por neoplasias (13,3%), acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico (11,7%), demências (11,4%) e distúrbios metabólicos (5,5%). A análise da associação etiológica mostrou que o acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico predominou no subgrupo mais jovem (45% vs 30%), e as demências no subgrupo mais velho (18,9% vs 3,8%), contudo essa diferença não evidenciou significância estatística (p = 0,23). Conclusão Este estudo sugere que epilepsia e crise epiléptica em idosos internados têm associação etiológica com acidente vascular cerebral, neoplasias e demências. .

Epidemiologia das neoplasias intracranianas no Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo: 2010-2012 / Epidemiology of intracranial neoplasms in Hospital of Servidor Público Estadual of São Paulo: 2010-2012

Analisar aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos dos tumores cerebrais primários e metastáticos entre os pacientes atendidos no Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, durante os anos de 2010 a 2012. Método: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, do tipo observacional, com análise de 369 casos de neoplasias intracranianas de acordo com os dados obtidos no setor de registro hospitalar, nos prontuários da instituição e registros anatomopatológicos dos pacientes tratados cirurgicamente. Resultados: Tumores cerebrais primários corresponderam a 69% da amostra; houve predomínio do sexo feminino; a média de idade foi de 62 anos, com pico na incidência na faixa etária de 41 a 64 anos. Meningiomas foram os tumores cerebrais primários mais encontrados (23%), seguidos pelos gliomas (21%). Cânceres de pulmão, de mama e do trato gastrointestinal foram, em ordem decrescente, as localizações primárias mais frequentes das metástases; estas foram múltiplas em somente 26% dos casos e tiveram predileção pelo lobo frontal e pelo cerebelo. Conclusão: Tumores intracranianos primários foram predominantes na casuística; desses, os meningiomas e os gliomas corresponderam aos principais tipos histológicos. As neoplasias de pulmão, mama e do trato gastrointestinal foram, em ordem decrescente, as localizações primárias mais frequentes das metástases intracranianas; estas tiveram predileção pelo lobo frontal e cerebelo e foram únicas, em sua maioria...

To perform an epidemiological analysis about primary and metastatic brain tumors among patients treated at the Hospital of Servidor Público of São Paulo during the years 2010 to 2012. Method: Epidemiological study descriptive, retrospective and observational of medical records of 369 patients who underwent treatment for intracranial tumors primary or metastatic brain tumors between the years 2010 and 2012 at Hospital of Servidor Público of São Paulo (HSPE-SP), according to the data obtained in the of hospital records, the records of the institution and pathological records of patients treated surgically. Results: Primary brain tumors accounted for 69% of the sample was predominantly female, the average age was 62 years, with peak incidence in the age group 41-64 years. Meningiomas were found most primary brain tumors (23%), followed by gliomas (21%). Lung cancer, breast and astrointestinal tract were, in descending order, the most frequent primary locations of metastases, these were multiple in only 26% of cases and had a predilection for frontal lobe and the cerebellum. Conclusion: Primary intracranial tumors were predominant in the sample, meningiomas and gliomas corresponded to the main histological types. Cancers of the lung, breast and gastrointestinal tract were, in descending order, the most frequent primary locations of intracranial metastases; these had predilection for frontal lobe and cerebellum and were, most frequently, single...

Incidence of childhood cancer in Kingston and St Andrew, Jamaica, 1983-2002 / Incidencia de cáncer infantil en Kingston y Saint Andrew, Jamaica, 1983-2002

OBJECTIVES: There have been several modifications to the classification of childhood cancers since the first report (1968-1981) specific to the Jamaican paediatric population was published in 1988. This paper reports on paediatric cancer incidence in Kingston and St Andrew, Jamaica, for the 20-year period 1983-2002 based on these modifications. METHODS: All cases of cancer diagnosed in children (0-14 years), between 1983 and 2002 were extracted from the Jamaica Cancer Registry archives and classified using the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, third edition. Incidence figures were calculated as per the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reporting format for childhood cancer. RESULTS: There were 272 cases (133 males, 139 females) of childhood cancer identified in the 20-year period. The overall age standardized rate (ASR) was 69.4 per million; that for males was 67.8 per million, and for females, 70.9 per million. The three most common malignancies overall were leukaemia (21.3%), lymphoma (15.8%) and brain and spinal neoplasms (14.0%). In males, the highest ASRs were seen for leukaemia (14.8 per million), lymphoma (12.7 per million), and brain and spinal neoplasms (8.2 per million), and in females, leukaemia (14.4 per million), nephroblastoma (11.3 per million), and brain and spinal neoplasms (10.6 per million). CONCLUSIONS: The rankings of the most common childhood malignancies in Jamaica (leukaemia, brain and spinal neoplasms and lymphomas) have shown few changes since the last review. However, there are differences in frequency and gender distribution of nephroblastoma and brain and spinal neoplasms.

OBJETIVOS: Ha habido varias modificaciones a la clasificación de los cánceres infantiles desde que el primer informe (1968-1981) específico para la población pediátrica jamaicana fue publicado en 1988. Este artículo reporta la incidencia de cáncer pediátrico en Kingston y Saint Andrew, Jamaica, en el período de 20 años de1983-2002, basado en estas modificaciones. MÉTODOS: Todos los casos de cáncer diagnosticados en niños (0-14 años) entre 1983 y 2002 fueron extraídos de los archivos del Registro de Cáncer en Jamaica, y clasificados utilizando la tercera edición de la Clasificación Internacional del Cáncer Infantil. Las cifras de incidencia fueron calculas siguiendo el formato de reporte de cáncer infantil de la Agencia Internacional para la Investigación del Cáncer (IARC, siglas en inglés). RESULTADOS: Hubo 272 casos de cáncer infantil (133 varones y 139 hembras) identificados en el período de 20 años. La tasa general de incidencia estandarizada por edad (ASR. siglas en inglés) fue 69.4 por millón; para los varones fue 67.8 por millón, y para las hembras, 70.9 por millón. En general, los tres tumores malignos más comunes fueron la leucemia (21.3%), el linfoma (15.8%) y las neoplasias del cerebro y la médula espinal (14.0%). En los varones, las tasas de ASR más altas fueron las observadas en relación con la leucemia (14.8 por millón), los linfomas (12.7 por millón), y las neoplasias del cerebro y la médula (8.2 por millón); en las hembras, la leucemia (14.4 por millón), los nefroblastomas (11.3por millón), y las neoplasias de cerebro y médula (10.6por millón). CONCLUSIÓN: Las clasificaciones por nivel de incidencia de los tumores malignos infantiles más comúnes en Jamaica (la leucemia, las neoplasias del cerebro y la médula espinal, y los linfomas) han mostrado pocos cambios desde la última revisión. Sin embargo, existen diferencias en la frecuencia así como en la distribución por sexo con respecto a los nefroblastomas y las neoplasias del cerebro y la médula.

Neurotuberculosis mimicking brain tumour; A case report.

Summary: Neurotuberculosis is one of the grave complications of primary tuberculous infection. Extensive BCG vaccination of children and inadequate antituberculous drug therapy have led to the emergence of newer complex clinical pictures and diagnostic dilemma. Here we report a case of right-sided hemiparesis with features of raised intracranial tension in a sixyear- old boy. Neuroimaging revealed presence of a high grade astrocytoma. On clinical examination, right-sided cervical lymphadenopathy with discharging sinus and tenderness over right hip joint were present. On further investigation, these were proved to be of tubercular origin. All preliminary findings were in favour of disseminated tuberculosis, but the nature of CNS lesion was creating diagnostic dilemma. Etiological diagnosis of the CNS lesion was necessary, as, if it was not of tubercular origin, the management protocol would be different and with any delay we could have lost the patient. Though on routine CSF study, no AFB were present, but we confirmed the presence of mycobacterial DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Patient showed considerable improvement after being put on Anti-tubercular Treatment (ATT) and steroids. Tuberculous brain abscess is rare. Very few cases have been reported even in adults. Most reported cases are in immunocompromised patients. This case highlights the fact that tuberculous brain abscess can have atypical presentation even in immunocompetent children mimicking CNS malignancy. Careful examination and thorough investigation are required to establish the diagnosis. Timely initiation of appropriate therapy can reduce mortality and neurological sequelae.

Tumor neuroepitelial disembrioplásico: presentación de caso y revisión de la literatura / Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor (DNT): Case Presentation and Literature Review

El tumor neuroepitelial disembrioplásico (DNT) fue descrito por primera vezpor Daumas-Duport, en 1988, e incorporado a la clasificación de tumores de laOrganización Mundial de la Salud, desde 1993, como parte del grupo de tumoresneurogliales. El artículo describe un caso típico, dada su presentación clínica, hallazgosimaginólógicos e histológicos, con adecuada evolución postoperatoria. Se haceuna revisión de la literatura del DNT, describiendo su epidemiología, presentaciónclínica, hallazgos imaginólógicos e histológicos, posibilidades de tratamiento actualy pronóstico...

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNT)were first described by Daumas-Duport in 1988and incorporated into the new World Health Organizationclassification of brain tumours as partof the group of glioneuronal tumours in 1993. Wedescribe a typical case due to its clinical presentation,image and hystologic findings, with goodpostoperative course. A review of the literatureof DNT is made, describing its epidemiology,clinical presentation, image and histological findings,current treatment options and prognosis...

Epidemiologia dos gliomas no estado do Pará: Parte I (2000-2006) / Epidemiology of gliomas in Pará province, Brazil: Part I (2000-2006)

Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo realizar uma análise epidemiológica inicial acerca dos tumores intracranianos primários no estado do Pará, com foco em gliomas, baseada nos registros hospitalares de um hospital estadual de referência em câncer (Hospital Ophir Loyola ? HOL), durante os anos de 2000 a 2006. Métodos: Análise epidemiológica descritiva, retrospectiva e observacional dos prontuários de 457 pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico por tumores intracranianos primários (TIP) entre os anos de 2000 e 2006, no Hospital Ophir Loyola (HOL), tendo sido incluídos dados referentes a sexo, etnia, procedência, idade, escolaridade, estado civil, localização do tumor, tipo histológico, realização de quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia e ocorrência de óbito. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram taxa média de 1,22 tumor intracraniano para cada 100 mil habitantes, com predomínio de gliomas (70%) e meningiomas (15%). Ao se analisar o grupo de gliomas por subtipo histológico, encontrou-se predomínio de astrocitomas malignos (graus III e IV, OMS), sendo o glioblastoma o tipo histológico mais encontrado (32% do total e 45% dos gliomas, respectivamente). Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados sugerem discrepâncias relacionadas a dificuldades regionais de acesso ao atendimento especializado e com a notificação e registro dos pacientes com diagnóstico de TIP, fornecendo dados relevantes para caracterizar esse grupo de neoplasias em termos populacionais, permitindo intervenções por parte das autoridades responsáveis.

Objective: The present study has as its main objective to perform an epidemiological analysis about the primary intracranial tumors in the state of Pará, focusing on gliomas, based on hospital records of the state hospital in reference cancer (Ophir Loyola Hospital ? HOL) during the years 2000 to 2006. Methods: Epidemiological study descriptive, retrospective and observational of medical records of 457 patients who underwent surgical treatment for intracranial tumors primary (TIP) between the years 2000 and 2006 in Ophir Loyola Hospital (HOL), it was included data on gender, ethnicity, origin, age, education, marital status, tumor location, histological type, undergo chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and occurrence of death. Results: The results showed an average rate of 1.22 intracranial tumors per 100,000 population, with a prevalence of gliomas (70%) and meningiomas (15%). When analyzing the group of gliomas by histological subtype, found predominance of malignant astrocytomas (grades III and IV, WHO), and the glioblastoma histological type was the most commonly found (32% of the total and 45% of gliomas, respectively). Conclusion: The results suggest discrepancies related to regional difficulties of access to specialized care and the notification and registration of patients diagnosed with TIP, providing relevant data to characterize this group of neoplasms in population terms and allowing intervention by the authorities.

The establishment of an Intracranial Tumour Registry at the University Hospital of the West Indies / Establecimiento de un registro de Tumor Intracraneal en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies

In March 2010, the first Intracranial Tumour Registry (ITR) in the English-speaking Caribbean was started at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI). This was deemed necessary as the already established Jamaica Cancer Registry only reports on malignant brain tumours. The ITR will collect data on all prospective intracranial tumours, benign and malignant, which are diagnosed histologically at the UHWI. Retrospective information dating back five years was also collected. Data collected so far reveal that between the years 2006 to 2010, a total of 317 cases were entered into the database. Of these, only 45 cases were considered eligible. The issues surrounding this discrepancy are discussed in this paper along with the many challenges experienced in the establishment of the ITR. From these experiences, the authors have also put forward several recommendations that may be useful to other researchers who wish to implement similar systems.

En marzo del 2010, en el Hospital Universitário de West Indies (HUWI), se inició elprimer Registro de Tumor Intracraneal (RTI) del Caribe anglófono. La creación de este registro fue considerada una necesidad por cuanto el ya establecido Registro de Cáncer de Jamaica solamente reporta tumores malignos del cerebro. El RTI recogerá datos de todos los tumores intracraneales prospectivos, tanto benignos como malignos, que sean histológicamente diagnosticados en HUWI. También se recopiló en retrospectiva información de cinco anos atrás. Datos coleccionados hasta ahora revelan que entre los anos 2006 a 2010, un total de 317 casos fueron introducidos en el banco de datos. De éstos, sólo 45 casos fueron considerados elegibles. En el presente trabajo se discuten los problemas en torno a esta discrepancia, junto con los numerosos retos enfrentados con la creación del RTI. A partir de estas experiencias, los autores hacen también varias recomendaciones que pueden ser útiles a otros investigadores deseosos de implementar sistemas similares.

Frequency of central nervous system tumors in delta region, Egypt.

Introduction and Aim of Work: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent a major public health problem, and their epidemiological data in Egypt have been rather incomplete except for some regional reports. There are no available frequency-based data on CNS tumors in our locality. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of CNS tumors in east delta region, Egypt. Materials and Methods: The data were collected during the 8-year period from January 1999 to December 2007 from Pathology Department, Mansoura University, and other referred pathology labs. Examination of HandE stained sections from retrieved paraffin blocks were done in all cases for histopathologic categorization of C.N.S. tumors. Immunohistochemical studies were applied to confirm final histopathologic diagnosis in problematic cases. Results: Intracranial tumors represented 86.7% of cases in comparison to only 13.3% for spinal tumors. Gliomas were the CNS tumors of the highest frequency (35.2%), followed by meningioma (25.6%), pituitary adenoma (11.6%) and nerve sheath tumors (6.6%). 10.25% of tumors were of children <15 years. Conclusion: This study provides the largest series of the relative frequency of CNS tumors in Delta region in Egypt till now and may help to give insight into the epidemiology of CNS tumors in our locality.

The controversy about a possible relationship between mobile phone use and cancer / A controvérsia sobre a possível relação entre o uso do telefone celular e câncer

Over the last decade, mobile phone use increased to almost 100 percent prevalence in many countries. Evidence for potential health hazards accumulated in parallel by epidemiologic investigations has raised controversies about the appropriate interpretation and the degree of bias and confounding responsible for reduced or increased risk estimates. Overall, 33 epidemiologic studies were identified in the peer-reviewed literature, mostly (25) about brain tumors. Methodologic considerations revealed that three important conditions for epidemiologic studies to detect an increased risk are not met:no evidence-based exposure metric is available; the observed duration of mobile phone use is generally still too low; no evidence-based selection of end points among the grossly different types of neoplasias is possible because of lack of etiologic hypotheses. The overall evidence speaks in favor of an increased risk, but its magnitude cannot be assessed at present because of insufficient information on long-term use.

Na última década, a prevalência do uso do telefone celular aumentou cerca de 100 por cento em muitos países. Evidências de potenciais riscos acumulados para saúde em paralelo por pesquisas epidemiológicas levantam controvérsias sobre a interpretação apropriada e o grau de influência e desordem responsável pela redução ou aumento das estimativas de risco. Ao todo, 33 estudos epidemiológicos foram revistos por pares, sendo a maioria (25) sobre tumores cerebrais. Considerações metodológicas revelaram que não foram atendidas três importantes condições de estudos epidemiológicos para detectar um aumento de risco: não há nenhuma métrica de exposição baseada em evidências; a duração do uso de telefone celular observada é geralmente ainda muito baixa; não é possível a seleção de parâmetros com base em evidências entre os tipos de neoplasias totalmente diferentes, devido à falta de hipóteses etiológicas. As evidências no geral expressam um risco aumentado, mas sua magnitude não pode ser avaliada no momento graças à informação insuficiente sobre o uso a longo prazo.

Perfil e prevalência dos tumores primários do sistema nervoso central no Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, de Porto Alegre, RS / Prevalence and histological aspects of primary central nervous system tumors at the Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS

Introdução: um dos grandes focos da neuropatologia cirúrgica tem sido associar a classificação dos tumores, baseada em achados histopatológicos, com dados clínicos e imuno-histoquímicos a fim de determinar entidades clínico-patológicas. Avanços nas técnicas de neuroimagem permitem, atualmente, determinar com precisão a localização da lesão e a realização de biópsias em múltiplas áreas deste grupo heterogêneo de tumores. Com o objetivo de estimar a associação entre tipo histológico e topografia, os autores descrevem todos os casos de tumores primários do sistema nervoso central avaliados no Hospital Conceição. Metodologia: foram avaliados 912 casos distintos de tumores primários do sistema nervoso central, entre 1995 e 2009, no laboratório de patologia do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição. Os autores descrevem os tipos histológicos encontrados e sua associação com topografia, idade, sexo e achados imuno-histoquímicos. Resultados: os tipos histológicos mais comuns foram o glioblastoma (31,15%), astrocitoma difuso (10,86%) e meningioma (grau I da OMS - 10,75%), com associação destes com a topografia (p=0,001) e a idade dos pacientes (p=0,01). A avaliação imuno-histoquímica foi realizada em 48 casos de neoplasia maligna indiferenciada, sendo que a expressão dos anticorpos determinou a diferenciação tumoral destas lesões, tornando este método fundamental na avaliação deste subgrupo de tumores. Conclusões: o presente estudo sugere a associação entre tipo histológico, idade e topografia em casos de tumores primários do sistema nervoso central

Introduction: One of the major targets of surgical neuropathology has been to associate tumor classification, based on histopathological findings, with clinical and immunohistochemical data in order to determine clinico-pathological entities. Current advances in the neuroimaging techniques allow to accurately determine the location of lesion and to perform biopsies at multiple sites of this heterogeneous group of tumors. In order to assess the association of this histological type with topography, the authors describe all cases of primary tumors of the central nervous system evaluated in the Conceição Hospital. Methods: 912 distinct cases of primary tumors of the central nervous system were evaluated in the laboratory of Pathology of the Grupo Hospitalar Conceição between 1995 and 2009. The authors describe the histological types found and their association with topography, age, sex and immunohistochemical findings. Results: The most common histological types were the glioblastoma (31.15%), diffuse astrocytoma (10.86%) and meningioma (grade I of WHO, 10.75%), with association of these with topography (p=0.001) and patient age (p=0.01). Immunohistochemical evaluation was performed in 48 cases of undifferentiated malignant neoplasia, where antibody expression determined tumor differentiation

Evaluation of incidental findings in brain CT scans of mild head trauma patients [GCS: thirteen to fifteen]

To determine the prevalence of incidental findings on brain CT scan in mild head trauma patients. From November 2005 to April 2006, we evaluated 732 CT Scans of cases with mild head trauma [Glasgow Coma Scale Score of thirteen, fourteen, and fifteen], whom referred to our university affiliated hospital. In this study, we evaluated incidental findings on brain CT of our patients, as well as size of the cistern magna. Five hundred [68.3%] of our patients were male and 232 [31.7%] were female. The mean age of our cases were 27.4 +/- 19.2 [one month to 89 years old].Incidental findings were found on 22 cases [3.1%].Among these, there were five tumors [0.7%], eight arachnoids cysts [1.1%], and five bones lesions [0.7%]. Large cisterna magna [>10 cm3] was seen in four cases. Incidental findings in males were seen in ten cases [45%] and in females were seen in 12 cases [55%] [P=0.019]. The mean age of cases with incidental findings were 37.2 +/- 20.6 years and in cases without incidental findings were 27.1 +/- 19.1 years [P=0.011]. In this study we found that arachnoid cyst was the most common incidental finding, and brain tumor and bone lesions were next common ones

Tumor cerebral e gravidez / Brain tumor and pregnancy

A associação entre tumor cerebral e gravidez é muito rara, já que os tumores intracranianos não são comuns no período etário em que a gravidez geralmente ocorre. No entanto, qualquer tipo histopatológico de tumor cerebral pode coexistir com a gestação, surgindo frequentemente na segunda metade desta. Estima-se que nos Estados Unidos existam 89 mulheres grávidas com tumor cerebral todos os anos. Apesar de a gravidez não ser um fator específico de risco para o crescimento do tumor, ela pode ter profundo efeito sobre a neoplasia, exacerbando ou produzindo sintomas neurológicos. O manejo da gravidez complicada com tumor cerebral varia de acordo com o tipo e posição do tumor, sintomas, paridade, fase gestacional e desejo das pacientes. Esse artigo de revisão busca analisar essa associação e mostrar as múltiplas abordagens de neurologistas e obstetras ao longo dos anos.

The association of brain tumor and pregnancy is extremely rare as intracranial neoplasms are very uncommon in young people. However, any kind of brain tumor can coexist with pregnancy, occurring frequently in the second half of pregnancy. It is believed that at least 89 pregnant women in the United States have brain tumors every year. Even through pregnancy is not a specific risk factor for the tumoral growth, it can affect significantly the neoplasm by producing on increasing neurological symptoms. The approach over this kind of complicated pregnancy varies according to the type and localization, symptoms, parity and the patient's wish. This review aims at analyzing this association and showing the different approaches of neurologists and obstetricians over the years.